Patofisiologi epidural hematoma pdf

Karena otak yang bermandikan cairan cerebrospinal dapat bergerak, sedangkan sinus venosus dalam keadaan terfiksir, berpindahnya posisi otak yang terjadi pada trauma, dapat merobek beberapa vena halus pada tempat di mana mereka menembus duramater perdarahan yang besar akan menimbulkan gejalagejala akut menyerupai hematoma epidural. Hubungan antara peningkatan volume hematoma epidural edh. An edh is often caused by a skull fracture during childhood or adolescence. Fungsinya untuk melindungi otak, menutupi sinussinus vena, dan membentuk periosteum tabula interna. An epidural hematoma edh is an extraaxial collection of blood within the potential space between the outer layer of the dura mater and the. Epidural hematoma represents acute bleeding into the epidural space. Download this pdf file majalah kedokteran andalas universitas. A subdural hematoma occurs when a vein ruptures between your skull and your brains surface. Epidural hematoma, a type of head injury involving bleeding into the space between the skull and the dura mater, the outermost layer of the protective structures surrounding the brain.

Other symptoms may include headache, confusion, vomiting, and an inability to move parts of the body. Surgical management of acute epidural hematomas request pdf. Beberapa komplikasi lain yang dapat terjadi meliputi. Epidural hematom dan subdural hematom subdural hematoma adalah perdarahan yang terjadi antara duramater dan araknoid, biasanya sering di daerah frontal, pariental dan temporal. Contusio dan perdarahan intraserebral contusio atau luka memar adalah apabila terjadi kerusakan jaringan subkutan dimana pembuluh darah kapiler pecah sehingga darah meresap ke jaringan sekitarnya, kulit tidak rusak, menjadi bengkak dan berwarna merah kebiruan. Patofisiologi pada hematom epidural, perdarahan terjadi di antara tulang tengkorak dan dura meter. Epidural hematoma an overview sciencedirect topics. Hematoma jenis ini dapat terjadi ketika pembuluh darah rusak, misalnya pada beberapa lapisan pelindung otak hematoma epidural dan hematoma subdural, atau di dalam jaringan otak hematoma interserebral. Epidural hematoma referat perdarahan epidural jevuska. Since the introduction of ct, the frequency of this occurrence has gone up from 6% to 30%. Pdf progressive epidural hematoma in patients with head. Pendahuluan epidural hematom adalah salah satu jenis perdarahan intracranial yang paling sering terjadi karena fraktur tulang tengkorak.

This report considers 19 cases of bilateral epidural hematoma hospitalized between 1987 and 1997. Mri akan menggambarkan massa hiperintens bikonveks yang menggeser posisi duramater, berada diantara tulang. Posttraumatic acute epidural hematoma edh is generally visible on the ct scan done immediately after admission. Patofisiologi epidural hematoma epidural hematoma biasanya dihasilkan dari sebuah gaya kontak singkat linier dengan calvaria yang menyebabkan pemisahan dura periosteal dari tulang dan gangguan pembuluh sela karena tegangan pergeseran. Patients with spontaneous spinal edh typically present with acute onset of severe back pain and rapidly develop signs of compression of the spinal cord or cauda equina. They occur as a result of a blow to the head for example, due to a fall from a bicycle that causes a crack in the skull. Acute spontaneous spinal epidural hematomas american. Epidural hematoma edh is a traumatic accumulation of blood between the inner table of the skull and the strippedoff dural membrane. The lucid interval associated with epidural bleeding. Unduh sebagai docx, pdf, txt atau baca online dari scribd.

Read more about symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, complications, causes and prognosis. These are haemorrhages that are located outside the dura, directly underneath the skull fig. Di amerika serikat, 2% dari kasus trauma kepala mengakibatkan hematoma epidural dan sekitar 10% mengakibatkan koma. Hematoma epidural adalah perdarahan intrakranial yang terjadi karena fraktur tulang tengkorak akibat cedera kepala dimana terdapat akumulasi darah dalam. Mampu menegakkan diagnosis klinis hematoma epidural. Epidural hematoma is when bleeding occurs between the tough outer membrane covering the brain dura mater and the skull. Doc laporan pendahuluan epidural hematoma edh desti. Hematoma jenis ini dapat terjadi ketika pembuluh darah rusak, misalnya pada beberapa lapisan pelindung otak hematoma epidural dan. Hematoma epidural paling sering terjadi di daerah perietotemporal akibat robekan arteria meningea media. Diagnosis is by mri or, if not immediately available, by ct myelography. Densitas darah yang homogen hiperdens, berbatas tegas, midline terdorong ke sisi kontralateral.

Spinal epidural hematoma seh represents the most frequent entity of acute or chronic spinal bleeding. The correlation between epidural hematoma edh volume and. Pdf progressive epidural hematoma pedh after head injury is often observed on serial computerized tomography ct scans. It can occur when a traumatic force applied to the head is sufficient to cause a deformity of the skull and damage. In 1751, james hill, from dumfries, scotland, described the first hematomarelated lucid interval in a patient with a subdural hematoma. Started in 1995, this collection now contains 6767 interlinked topic pages divided into a tree of 31 specialty books and 732 chapters. Contohnya, hematoma dahi mungkin menyebabkan memar dibawah matamata dan nampak berjalan ke leher ketika ia menghilang melalui waktu. Epidural hematoma adalah kondisi di mana darah masuk dan menumpuk pada ruang. Spinal epidural hematoma seh is an uncommon condition usually characterized by acute back pain. Depressed fracture s 02 4 8 epidural hematoma s 06. An epidural hematoma edh is bleeding between the inside of the skull and the outer covering of the brain called the dura. All of the cases, with the exception of three, were diagnosed within. Subacute hematoma 31 % cronic hematoma 11% perdarahan dari vena iii.

Edh results from traumatic head injury, usually with an associated skull fracture and arterial laceration. Spinal injuries often occur with head injuries, so try to keep the persons neck still if you must move them before help arrives. This is followed by the onset of progressive neurological symptoms. Epidural hematoma ie, accumulation of blood in the potential space between dura and bone may be intracranial edh or spinal sedh see. Unduh sebagai doc, pdf, txt atau baca online dari scribd. Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma edh is a rare condition requiring urgent diagnosis 1. Venous epidural hematoma berhubungan dengan robekan pembuluh vena. These veins rupture when a head injury suddenly jolts or shakes the brain. The interval they described was longer than usually expected with edhs and occurred exclusively in patients who had a posttraumatic infection. The idiopathic forms are considered not to be attributed to any specific risk factors. Epidural hematoma free download as powerpoint presentation.

An acute subdural hematoma sdh is a clot of blood that develops between the surface of the brain and the dura mater, the brains tough outer covering, usually due to stretching and tearing of veins on the brains surface. Hematoma epidural sebagai keadaan neurologis yang bersifat emergensi dan biasanya berhubungan dengan linear fracture yang memutuskan arteri yang lebih besar, sehingga menimbulkan perdarahan. Hematoma epidural dapat terjadi pada siapa saja dan umur berapa saja, beberapa keadaan yang bisa menyebabkan edh adalah misalnya benturan pada kepala pada kecelakaan motor. An epidural hematoma occurs when a mass of blood forms in the space between your skull and the protective covering of your brain. Intracranial, epidural, subdural, dan intracerebral hematoma seringkali memerlukan neurosurgical intervention untuk menstabilkan luka. When this sort of trauma occurs, the areas of brain that helps development and motor skills are impaired. Patah tulang tengkorak terjadi pada 8595% kasus orang dewasa, tetapi jarang terjadi pada anakanak karena. Head injury definition a history of a blow to the head or the presence of a scalp wound or those with evidence of altered consciousness after a relevant injury. The membrane covering the brain is not as closely attached to the skull as it is in older people and children younger than 2 years. Orang yang beresiko mengalami edh adalah orang tua yang memiliki masalah berjalan dan sering jatuh. Secara internasional frekuensi kejadian hematoma epidural hampir sama dengan angka kejadian di amerika serikat.

Ketiga jenis hematoma ini membutuhkan penanganan medis secepatnya guna. If you sustain a major brain injury, this area can fill with blood and. In some instances, epidural hematoma can result from a spontaneous hemorrhage. Epidural hematoma ie, accumulation of blood in the potential space between dura and bone may be intracranial edh or spinal sedh see the image below. The inciting event often is a focused blow to the head, such as that produced by a hammer or baseball bat. Epidural hematoma definition and patient education. Patofisiologi hematoma epidural hematoma epidural paling sering. Epidural hematoma terjadi pada 1% trauma kepala, insiden tertinggi terjadi pada usia 2030 tahun, jarang terjadi pada usia dibawah 2 tahun atau lebih dari 60 tahun, disebabkan dura yang melekat erat pada tabula interna skull. Spinal edh occurring spontaneously or after minimal trauma has been attributed most often to a venous source 5.

The morbidity and mortality result from mass effect on the brain as the hematoma grows and strips the dura away from the skull. Otak di tutupi oleh tulang tengkorak yang kaku dan keras. Hematoma intrakranial hematoma yang muncul pada rongga kepala. Epidural hematoma terjadi akibat penumpukan darah pada ruang di antara tulang tengkorak dan lapisan penyelimut otak. Mampu menerangkan insidensi, dan patogenesis penyakit epidural. Epidural hematoma gejala, penyebab dan mengobati alodokter. The mechanisms responsible for the delayed appearance of the epidural hematoma a. Epidural haematoma extradural haemorrhage slideshare. Always use safety equipment at work and play to reduce your risk for. The causes of seh range from iatrogenic to idiopathic. Often there is loss of consciousness following a head injury, a brief regaining of consciousness, and then loss of consciousness again. Epidural hematoma, also known as extradural hematoma, is a type of traumatic brain injury tbi that can lead to cerebral palsy cp. Epidural hematoma akut 58% perdarahan dari arteri 2. Trh1 lp is absolutely contraindicated csf pressure 200 mmh 2 o, csf clear bloody if there was contusion or laceration of brain skull xray may show associated skull fracture e.

Spontaneous and idiopathic chronic spinal epidural. Trauma or other injury to your head can cause your brain to bounce. Doc laporan pendahuluan intracerebral hematoma uniee. Intracranial epidural hematoma occurs in approximately 2% of patients with head injuries and 515% of patients with fatal head injuries. Otak juga di kelilingi oleh sesuatu yang berguna sebagai pembungkus yang disebut dura. Epidural hematoma is the accumulation of blood in the space between dura and bone in the cranial or spinal region. Epidural hematoma edh, also known as extradural hematoma, is a hemorrhage into the space between the dura and the overlying calvarium. The classic epidural hematoma is observed with a linear skull fracture of the temporal bone, which tears the middle meningeal artery, allowing. Terdapat pula garis fraktur pada area epidural hematoma. Epidural hematoma terjadi pada 1% trauma kepala, insiden tertinggi terjadi pada usia 2030. Call 911 or your local emergency number, or go to an emergency room after a head injury.